Table of Contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Authors
• Preface
• Table of contents
• Dedication
• 1 OVERVIEW
• 1 THE FELINE SURGICAL PATIENT
• Introduction
• Characteristics of the cat as a surgical patient
• Adaptation of the operating room and surgical environment
• Perioperative considerations
• Fasting and reintroduction of oral feeding
• Reduction of perioperative stress
• Feline patient monitoring and surveillance
• Bibliography
• 2 FELINE SEDATION, ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
• Introduction
• Phases of anesthesia
• Sedation or tranquilization
• Induction (with intubation)
• Maintenance
• Recovery
• Feline anesthesia and sedation pharmacology
• Sedatives
• Phenothiazines
• α2-adrenergic agonists
• Benzodiazepines
• Opioids
• Pure opioids
• Partial agonist opioids
• Agonist-antagonist opioids
• Dissociative agents
• Steroid agents
• Phenolic agents
• Imidazole agents
• Halogenated agents
• Bibliography
• 3 POSTOPERATIVE CARE IN FELINE MEDICINE
• Introduction
• Recovery or immediate postoperative period
• Awakening management
• Pain control
• Infection control
• Temperature control
• Blood glucose control
• Inflammation control
• Long-term postoperative period
• Functional recovery control
• Pain control
• Infection control
• Feeding tubes
• Enteral versus parenteral feeding
• When to opt for enteral tube feeding
• Feeding tubes used in cats
• Nasoesophageal tubes
• Esophagostomy tubes
• Gastrostomy tubes
• Bibliography
• 4 SUTURE TYPES AND TECHNIQUES
• Introduction
• Types of sutures
• Absorbable sutures
• Nonabsorbable sutures
• Suture techniques
• Common suture patterns in feline medicine
• Interrupted patterns
• Continuous patterns
• Retention sutures
• Suture needles
• Bibliography
• 5 SURGICAL MATERIALS
• Materials required for all feline surgeries
• Materials for biopsy collection
• Materials for dental extractions
• Materials for nasal surgery
• Materials for trauma and orthopedic surgery
• Electrosurgery equipment
• Monopolar electrosurgery
• Bipolar electrosurgery
• Ultrasonic coagulation equipment
• Maintenance and sterilization of the material
• Bibliography
• 6 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
• Radiology
• Ultrasound
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance (MR)
• Scintigraphy
• Endoscopy
• Bibliography
• 7 BIOPSY TECHNIQUES AND MOST COMMON USES IN FELINE MEDICINE
• Gastrointestinal biopsy
• Stomach biopsy
• Small intestine biopsy
• Large intestine biopsy
• Liver biopsy
• Pancreatic biopsy
• Renal biopsy
• Lymph node biopsy
• Splenic biopsy
• Conjunctival biopsy
• Biopsy of skin and subcutaneous tissue
• Bibliography
• 8 WOUND MANAGEMENT
• Characteristics of wounds in cats
• Phases of wound healing
• Wound management
• Wound closure options
• Initial treatment of the wounded cat
• Initial care
• Definitive wound treatment
• Daily care
• Bandages
• Bibliography
• 2 SKIN SURGERY
• 9 MOST COMMON FLAPS AND PLASTIES IN FELINE SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Skin flaps
• Most common local skin flaps
• Elbow skin fold (axillary skin fold) reconstruction
• Distant flaps: axial pattern flaps
• Angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap
• Thoracodorsal axial pattern flap
• Caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap
• Postoperative management and complications
• Bibliography
• 10 MOST COMMON SKIN TUMORS IN THE CAT
• Introduction
• Classification of skin tumors
• General diagnostic approach and staging of skin tumors
• Preoperative tests
• Diagnosis and treatment of the most common skin tumors
• Basal cell tumor
• Fibrosarcoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Mast cell tumor
• Melanoma
• Diffuse or multifocal cutaneous neoplasms
• Cutaneous lymphoma
• Feline progressive histiocytosis
• Surgical procedures associated with skin tumors
• Bibliography
• 11 MAMMARY SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Vascularization
• Lymphatic drainage
• Diseases of the mammary glands
• Nonneoplastic lesions
• Inflammatory: mastitis
• Noninflammatory: fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia
• Neoplastic lesions
• Benign tumors
• Malignant tumors
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Unilateral mastectomy
• Bilateral mastectomy
• Complications
• Tension
• Seroma
• Other complications
• Prognosis
• Adjuvant treatments: chemotherapy
• Bibliography
• 12 FELINE INJECTION-SITE SARCOMA
• Introduction
• Epidemiology and risk factors
• Clinical course and signs
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Surgical technique
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Electrochemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Prevention
• Prognosis
• Bibliography
• 3 HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
• 13 RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF THE HARD AND SOFT PALATE
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the feline palate
• Cleft palate
• Palate fracture
• Oronasal fistulas
• Neoplasms of the palate
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Double mucoperiosteal flap (hinged flap + bipedicled flap) for closure of a congenital cleft palate
• Split palatal U-flap
• Double-layer flap (hinge flap + transposition flap)
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 14 FELINE DENTAL EXTRACTIONS
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the oral cavity
• Feline chronic gingivostomatitis
• Periodontal disease
• Tooth resorption
• Dental fractures
• Pyogenic granulomas
• Dental anomalies
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical tooth extraction techniques
• Closed tooth extraction
• Open or surgical tooth extraction
• Postoperative complications
• Excessive bleeding at the extraction site
• Acute pain or orofacial pain syndrome
• Root remnants and root displacement
• Lip entrapment
• Trauma to the eyeball
• Bone fractures and necrosis
• Bibliography
• 15 NASAL PLANUM AND NASAL CAVITY SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Techniques for resolving stenotic nostrils
• Wedge resection of the alar cartilage
• Single pedicle advancement flap
• Surgical treatment techniques for nasal planum tumors
• Lip-to-nose flap
• Total planectomy
• Dorsal rhinotomy
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 16 NASOPHARYNGEAL POLYPS AND STENOSIS
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the nasopharynx
• Nasopharyngeal foreign bodies
• Nasopharyngeal tumors
• Nasopharyngitis
• Nasopharyngeal stenosis
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Removal of a nasopharyngeal polyp via traction–avulsion
• Resolution of nasopharyngeal stenosis
• Removal of the stenotic tissue
• Dilation of the stenosis
• Endoprosthesis (stent) placement
• Postoperative care and complications
• Bibliography
• 17 EYELID AND ORBITAL SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases
• Ankyloblepharon
• Coloboma
• Entropion
• Palpebral neoplasia
• Corneal ulcer
• Orbital neoplasia
• Inflammatory diseases of the orbit
• Proptosis/exophthalmos
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Tarsorrhaphy
• Tarsorrhaphy of the nictitating membrane
• Tarsorrhaphy of the main eyelids
• Resection of palpebral tumors
• Simple wedge resection technique
• H-plasty technique
• Entropion correction technique
• Reconstructive flaps
• Enucleation
• Transpalpebral enucleation
• Transconjunctival enucleation
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 18 EAR CANAL AND MIDDLE EAR SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Outer ear
• Middle ear
• Inner ear
• Surgical diseases
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Pinnectomy
• Vertical or total ear canal ablation
• Ventral bulla osteotomy
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 19 THYROID AND PARATHYROID SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the thyroid gland
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Thyroidectomy for the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 4 ABDOMINAL SURGERY
• 20 FELINE ABDOMINAL CAVITY HERNIAS
• Introduction
• Anatomy of the abdominal cavity
• Surgical diseases of the abdomen
• Exploratory laparotomy
• Surgical technique
• Postoperative complications
• Hernias in the abdominal cavity
• Peritoneal–diaphragmatic hernias
• Inguinal hernias
• Umbilical hernias
• Abdominal wall hernias and ruptures
• Bibliography
• 21 GASTRIC FOREIGN BODIES AND TUMORS
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the stomach in cats
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Gastrotomy
• Y-U pyloroplasty
• Postoperative care
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 22 INTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES AND TUMORS
• Surgical anatomy
• General diagnostic approach to surgical diseases of the intestine
• Clinical signs
• Pathophysiology of obstruction
• Diagnostic tests
• Radiology
• Ultrasound
• Endoscopy
• Abdominocentesis
• Blood testing
• Surgical pathologies of the small intestine
• Foreign bodies
• Intussusception
• Mesenteric volvulus
• Trauma
• Neoplasia
• Nonneoplastic lesions: polyps and granulomas
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Intestinal biopsy
• Enterotomy
• Enterectomy and anastomosis
• Postoperative care
• Bibliography
• 23 PERIANAL SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Anal and perianal surgical diseases
• Anal atresia
• Incomplete anogenital closure
• Anal sac disease
• Perianal fistulas
• Anal stenosis
• Anal/rectal prolapse
• Surgical techniques
• Reconstruction of the anus in anal atresia
• Treatment of rectal prolapse
• Colopexy
• Anal sacculectomy
• Open technique
• Closed technique
• Complications and postoperative care
• Bibliography
• 24 SPLENECTOMY
• Surgical anatomy
• Splenic diseases
• Splenic torsion
• Preoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Total splenectomy
• Partial splenectomy
• Complications and postoperative care
• Bibliography
• 25 KIDNEY AND URETER SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Anatomy of the kidney
• Anatomy of the feline ureter
• Surgical diseases of the kidney
• Nephrolithiasis
• Trauma
• Neoplasia
• Renal abscesses
• Idiopathic renal hematuria
• Surgical diseases of the ureter
• Ureterolithiasis
• Ureteral trauma/rupture
• Ureteral neoplasia
• Ureteral ectopia
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques for the kidney
• Renal biopsy
• Percutaneous biopsy
• Ultrasound-guided biopsy
• Open biopsy
• Nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy
• Nephroureterectomy
• Partial nephrectomy
• Surgical techniques for the ureter
• Ureterotomy
• Ureteral endoprosthesis (stent)
• Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) system
• Postoperative care
• Bibliography
• 26 BLADDER SURGERY
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the feline bladder
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Cystotomy/cystectomy
• Cystostomy tubes
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 27 URETHROSTOMY
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the feline urethra
• Diagnosis
• Preoperative and postoperative considerations
• Surgical techniques
• Perineal urethrostomy
• Modified urethrostomy using preputial mucosa
• Prepubic urethrostomy
• Bibliography
• 28 ORCHIECTOMY AND CRYPTORCHIDISM
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the male reproductive system
• Surgical procedures of the scrotum and testicles
• Cryptorchidism
• Testicular tumors
• Surgical procedures of the penis and prepuce
• Surgical procedures of the prostate
• Surgical techniques
• Orchiectomy
• Resolution of cryptorchidism
• Inguinal testicle
• Abdominal testicle
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 29 OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY, PYOMETRA AND CAESAREAN SECTION
• Surgical anatomy
• Surgical diseases of the ovary
• Congenital ovarian abnormalities
• Ovarian cysts
• Ovarian tumors
• Ovarian remnant syndrome
• Surgical diseases of the uterus
• Congenital uterine abnormalities
• Uterine tumors
• Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra
• Surgical techniques
• Midline ovariohysterectomy
• Flank ovariohysterectomy
• Ovariectomy
• Technique selection: ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy?
• Pyometra as a special case
• Surgical technique in pyometra
• Caesarean section
• Dystocia
• When to intervene?
• Anesthetic considerations
• Surgical technique in cesarean section
• Postoperative complications and prognosis
• Uterine prolapse
• Galactostasis and mastitis
• Postpartum metritis
• Hemorrhage
• Inadvertent ligation of the ureter
• Stump pyometra
• External suture dehiscence
• Peritonitis
• Adhesions
• Bibliography
• 5 TRAUMATOLOGY IN CATS
• 30 ASSESSMENT AND INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF POLYTRAUMATIZED CATS
• Initial assessment of polytraumatized cats
• Complementary tests
• Pain management for polytraumatized patients
• Initial treatment of fractures
• Bibliography
• 31 COMMON FRACTURES OF THE FORELIMB IN POLYTRAUMATIZED CATS
• Fractures of the humeral diaphysis
• Surgical anatomy and approach
• Stabilization of fractures
• Complications
• Fractures of the distal humeral epiphysis
• Surgical anatomy
• Fractures and stabilization methods
• Complications
• Fractures of the radius and ulna
• Surgical anatomy and approach
• Stabilization of fractures
• Complications
• Carpal injuries
• Fracture of the accessory bone of the carpus
• Injuries caused by hyperextension of the carpus
• Surgical approach
• Partial carpal arthrodesis
• Pancarpal arthrodesis
• Complications
• Fractures of the metacarpal bones
• Surgical approach
• Treatment of fractures
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 32 FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS AND COXOFEMORAL JOINT
• Introduction
• Clinical signs
• Sacroiliac luxation
• Treatment
• Complications
• Iliac fractures
• Treatment
• Complications
• Acetabular fractures
• Treatment
• Complications
• Ischial fractures
• Coxofemoral luxation
• Treatment
• Complications
• Bibliography
• 33 COMMON FRACTURES OF THE HIND LIMB IN POLYTRAUMATIZED CATS
• Femoral fractures
• Fractures of the proximal femur
• Treatment
• Complications
• Fractures of the femoral diaphysis
• Treatment
• Complications
• Fractures of the distal femur
• Treatment
• Complications
• Tibial and fibular fractures
• Forms of stabilization
• Fractures of the proximal tibia and fibula
• Fractures of the tibial and fibular diaphysis
• Fractures of the distal tibia and malleolus of the fibula
• Complications
• Tarsal injuries
• Calcaneal fractures
• Tibiotarsal joint luxation
• Tarsal arthrodesis
• Partial tarsal arthrodesis
• Pantarsal arthrodesis
• Complications
• Metatarsal fracture
• Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament of the stifle
• Treatment
• Extracapsular lateral suture stabilization
• Complications
• Bibliography