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FLUID THERAPY in dogs and cats, 2E
Edra Publishing US LLC
| Author | ： | Fabio Viganò / Deborah C. Silverstein |
価格：12,540円 (本体 11,400円＋税) 送料サービス
・Release: 2023
・ISBN: 9781957260259
・240 Pages
・Trim Size: 170.0 X 15.0 X 240.0 ・Paperback
Description
Fluid therapy is one of the most widely used and necessary therapies for critically ill patients and those who are not able to hydrate and feed themselves spontaneously. Fluid Therapy in dogs and cats summarizes the fundamentals for understanding the water and electrolyte requirements of critical patients, the types of fluids that can be administered, and the consequences that a decision may entail. This handbook is published at a particularly relevant time, with the recent developments in orthogonal polarization spectral imaging; the advancements in hemodynamics, which have made it possible to assess the real efficacy of therapy and the side effects fluids can produce if not provided correctly; and the evidence-based advances that have changed the way fluid therapy in both human and veterinary medicine is now provided, which is very different from how it had been performed over the past 30 years. An attempt has been made in this book to address the topics homogeneously, following a functional approach for readers. Every chapter ends with a clinical case, which is useful for putting into practice what has been explained in the text.
Table of Contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- Authors
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Table of contents
- 1. Fundamentals of Fluid Therapy, Hemodynamics and Compartmentalization of Fluids in the Body
- Introduction
- Dynamics and hemodynamics of fluid compartments
- Water
- Blood volume and cardiac output
- Parameters to evaluate the hemodynamic response
- Blood volume
- Evaluation of cardiac output and stroke volume
- Central venous pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
- Clinical hemodynamic monitoring
- Water distribution in the body
- Osmotic pressure
- Colloid oncotic pressure
- Glycocalyx
- Clinical consequences of the glycocalyx model
- ■ Clinical Case. Dehydrated dog with respiratory alkalosis
- 2. Acid–Base Disorders
- Introduction
- Chemical species involved in the acid–base balance
- Traditional approach
- Blood gas analyzers
- Interpretation of blood gas analysis
- Primary disorder
- Compensatory responses
- Base excess (BE)
- Anion gap (AG)
- Total oxygen content (CaO2)
- Oxygen parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygenation
- Rule of 5
- Rule of 120
- Strong ion theory (Stewart's approach)
- Chemical species involved
- Dependent and independent variables
- Examples of pH variations according to the nontraditional approach
- Fluid therapy and SID
- Clinical case, example
- Strong ion gap (SIG)
- Correction of acid–base disorders
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Mixed disorders
- ■ Clinical Case. The cat who couldn't urinate
- 3. Fluids: when and how to administer them
- Introduction
- Daily intravenous fluid therapy
- Daily water requirements
- Hypotonic solutions
- Antidiuretic hormone and fluid therapy
- Fluid therapy under general anesthesia
- Daily fluid therapy
- Hydration
- Calculation of daily fluid therapy
- Hemodynamic monitoring
- Heart rate and cardiac output
- Pulse quality
- Capillary refill time (CRT)
- Mucous membrane color
- Body temperature
- Jugular vein distension
- Urine production
- Parameters to evaluate the hemodynamic status
- Invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement
- Measurement of lactatemia
- Fluid resuscitation
- Goal-directed therapy
- ROSE model (Resuscitation, Optimization, Stabilization, Evacuation)
- Crystalloids
- Isotonic solutions
- Hypertonic solutions
- Colloids
- Synthetic colloids
- Natural colloids
- ■ Clinical Case. Consequences of gastroenteritis
- 4. Electrolyte Disorders
- Introduction
- Osmosis
- Osmolarity and osmolality
- Sodium
- Hyponatremia
- Hypernatremia
- Potassium
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Calcium
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Phosphorus
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Chloride
- Hyperchloremia
- Hypochloremia
- Magnesium
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypermagnesemia
- ■ Clinical Case. Electrolyte and acid–base imbalances during vomiting
- 5. Hemorrhagic Shock
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock
- Compensatory shock
- Early decompensatory shock
- Late decompensatory shock
- Metabolic sequelae of hemorrhagic shock
- Etiology of hemorrhagic shock
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory data
- Monitoring
- Shock index
- Ultrasonography
- Clinical management
- Triage
- Hypotensive resuscitation
- Fluid therapy in hemorrhagic shock
- Postresuscitation care
- Reperfusion injury
- Trauma-induced coagulopathy
- ■ Clinical Case. Hemorrhagic shock following a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
- 6. The Microcirculation and Fluid Therapy
- Introduction
- Structure and function of the microcirculation
- Microvascular perfusion – systemic control
- Microvascular perfusion – local control
- Microvascular changes with trauma and hemorrhagic shock
- Microvascular changes with sepsis
- Monitoring of the microcirculation vs. macrocirculation
- Effects of fluid resuscitation on the microcirculation in trauma and hemorrhagic shock
- Effects of fluid resuscitation on the microcirculation in sepsis
- Conclusion
- ■ Clinical Case. Microcirculatory changes in a dog with sepsis secondary to bite wounds
